Graphics cards/Comparison
13 specifications
Intel Arc A580 vs AMD Radeon RX 590
On the specifications we can verify, the Intel Arc A580 and the AMD Radeon RX 590 are closely matched. Which one is faster in your machine depends on cooling and sustained behaviour rather than on anything printed here.
Intel Arc A580
Intel · Arc A-series (Alchemist) · Desktop
AMD Radeon RX 590
AMD · Radeon RX 500 · Desktop
Compute
Memory
Power and platform
A check marks the higher figure only on rows where higher is unambiguously better. Rows without one are not ties; they are specifications where “better” has no meaning.
Reading the table
What the difference means.
5 years apart
The Arc A580 (Xe HPG, 2023) is 5 years newer than the RX 590 (Radeon RX 500, 2018). A newer architecture brings more than speed: newer video encoders and decoders, newer upscaling and frame generation, and a longer run of driver updates ahead of it.
Video memory
Both carry 8 GB, so neither has the advantage where memory is the limit: high resolutions, heavy textures and local AI models fill both at the same point.
Memory bus
The Arc A580 moves data over a 256-bit bus of GDDR6; the RX 590 uses 256-bit GDDR5. The bus width and the memory type together set how fast the chip can reach its own memory, which shows at high resolutions where every frame moves more data. A narrow bus with fast memory can match a wide one with slow memory, so neither figure settles it alone.
What no table says
How much of its speed a graphics card keeps after the first minute depends on the cooling and the power limit of the machine it is in. If you own one of these, measure it: the test is free and runs in this browser.
Questions
- Is the Arc A580 better than the RX 590?
- On the specifications they are closely matched. They are different designs, so the raw counts cannot rank them. Frame rates depend on the game and its settings, and how much speed either card keeps after ten minutes depends on its cooling, which is what a sustained test measures.
- Can the Arc A580 and the RX 590 be compared on these figures alone?
- Only in part. The board power, shading units are not verified for one of the two, so those rows cannot rank them. They are different designs, so counts such as shading units do not convert one to one. Running the same sustained graphics test on each machine gives a figure that can be compared directly.
More comparisons
- Intel Arc A580 vs AMD Radeon RX 570
- Intel Arc A580 vs AMD Radeon RX 580
- Intel Arc A580 vs AMD Radeon RX 5500 XT
- Intel Arc A580 vs NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070
- Intel Arc A580 vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER
- AMD Radeon RX 590 vs NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070
- AMD Radeon RX 590 vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER
- AMD Radeon RX 590 vs AMD Radeon RX 5500 XT
- AMD Radeon RX 590 vs NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070
- AMD Radeon RX 590 vs AMD Radeon RX 5700
- AMD Radeon RX 590 vs AMD Radeon RX 580
Every figure on this table is a design target. None of it is a measurement.
Nothing above describes how a graphics card behaves twenty minutes into a sustained workload, which is where two chips with nearly identical specifications routinely diverge. A boost clock is a ceiling the vendor permits, not a rate the chip sustains, and whether it holds depends on the cooling, the case, the power profile and the room. None of those appear on a specification sheet.
We deliberately do not reduce these figures to a single score. A composite invented from specifications would look authoritative and measure nothing, and choosing the weights would be choosing the winner.